CWP+G2

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Sean ParkAndrew KimSiwon KimKimmie Casto

Task 1.


= IMPORTANT FIGURES RELATING TO THE CIVIL WAR =

which costed many lives of many soldiers.He later is assassinated by a man, who either supported the South, or opposed with Lincoln's political views, or was raged from the surrender of general Lee, as some historians argue. ||< Union || government very difficult to control and unruly; imprisoned at Fortress Monroe (captured by the Union troops); helped to incite U.S trade with South America. ||< Confederate || nickname in the first Battle of Manassas. In the spring of 1862, Stonewall led a Confederate army in the Shenandoah Valley. He showed his military genious and perseverence in an outstanding battle defeating the Union forces far superior to his own. After this campaign he joined up with Lee's army in the defense of Richmond. Due to exhuastion, Jackson's edge on the battle field was lost, and he was largely ineffective. ||< Confederate || talented. Abraham Lincoln offered him a position of a general for the Union's army, however, Lee refused the offer, and joined the Confederates Army. Later in the battle at the almost end of the war, Lee surrenders with his men, knowing that no more fightings are needed, since the South will lose anyhow. It is argued that thesurrender of Lee caused rage of the Southerners, which resulted in the assassination of Lincoln. ||< Confederate || American Dignity. James Monroe appointed Calhoun secretary of War in 1817. Calhoun supported the "American System", which called for full use of federal power to assist American industry through a protective tariff and to promote commerce through a federally chartered Bank of the United States and through federally financed road,canal, and harbor construction. In 1824, he decided to seek presidential candidation, but opted for vice-presidency under Andrew Jackson.Calhoun's hard core view of the "American System" changed, partially due to the industrial dependency of South Carolina on the cotton industry. In 1828, he secretly wrote the South Carolina Exposition and Protest, which protested that a state had the power of nullification over any federal law it deemed unconstitutional. Serving (1842-43, 1845-50) in the Senate, Calhoun was a powerful spokesman for slavery and Southern rights until his death. He secured passage of the gag rules, that forbade discussion of slavery on the floor of Congress. Serving briefly as Secretary of State in 1844-45 under John Tyler, he engineered the controversial annexation of Texas. He spent the rest of his career advocating slavery and states rights. ||< Confederate || making decisions; After the Union was defeated from the battle of Bull Run, Abe Lincoln appointed him as commander of the Army of the Potomac; Through the Campaign, the Peninusla Campaign, he captured the base of the Confederate troops in Richmond; later he became the Governor of New Jersey. ||< Union || appointed as a Brigadier-General of volunteers; led a first victory by capturing Fort Henry, Tennesse; appointed to the rank of General of the Army; he played an important role in the Battle of Chattanooga. ||< Union || Bull Run in August of 1861. In 1862 he led a successful amphibious landing on the North Carolina coast.As commander of the Army of the Potomac, he led that force to a terrible defeat at Fredericksburg, Virginia, in December 1862. Burnside was able to hold Knoxville, Tennessee, in 1863, but terminated his wartime service by undistinguished leadership of the IX Corps under General Ulysses Grant in 1864. || Union || to turn against each other, which contributed to the the conflict between the free states and the slave states. Also, the main reason of him suggesting the Popular Sovereignity was so that he can get more votes. However, this caused a serious issue of turning two states against each other, turning two perspectives against each otherr, dividing the nation into two sides, and turning them against each other, which started the Civil War. ||< Confederacy || triggered the Civil War; led a victory in the first battle of Manassas; prevented Union from attacking Charleston; In 1865, he surrendered to the Union. ||< Confederate || resources and vaporized their will to fight any longer, thus causing them to surrender and end the long-lasted Civil War. ||< Union || a veteran of Indian when he was ordered from Robert E. Lee to attack John Brown's troops at Harpers Ferry; led the Army of Northern Virginia at the Battle of the Seven Days, Antietam, Gettysburg and etc.; led a great battle at Brandy Station; he was fatally wounded at Yellow Tavern, due to his lack of equipmentand size of the troops; Ranked as one of the greatest cavalry commanders. ||< Confederate || This became a sign of states-rights that the states had rights to voluntarily join or separate themselves. This sparked the perspective of the Southern States that they can voluntarily separate themselves from the union, which the union seemedto be a rebellion. This eventually led on to the secession of the Southern States, the formation of the Confederates, the divided nation, and finally the Civil War. ||< Union || in the Battle of Bull Run, the first major battle of the Civil War. McDowell told Lincoln from the very beginning that he did not have a good enough army to go attempt to attack the Confederates, but Lincoln told him to go anyway. In the end, the Union soldiers ended up running away to Washington D.C. with the Confederates too tired to even chase them. ||< Union || While Grant was waiting at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee for more troops, Johnston attacked. This attack started the Battle of Shiloh. THe Union was pushed back, but the next day when the extra troops arrived, the bloody battle continued and when it finally ended, both sides suffered many casualties. Johnston died in this bloody battle that destroyed any remaining illusions Americans had of the glory of war and crushed hopes that the war would soon be over. ||< Confederate || a plan against the Confederates to get them to seek peace. His idea was to have a blockade and gain control of the Mississippi, cutting the Confederacy in two. Not many people took to this plan; they called it the Anaconda Plan. ||< Union || Battle of Gettysburg at Pickett's Charge where the Confederates were basically shot down by the dozens as they marched straight towards the Union lines. When General Lee ordered him to reform his division, he replied "I have no division". This ended the bloodiest battle of the Civil War. ||< Confederate || elected as a representative, and given the task of stopping the British Government, despite the sympathy for the south. Personally well-liked and a tactful diplomat, he was able to prevent a failure over the delicate Trent Affair. The success of his mission was a vitally important contribution to the Northern victory. ||< Union || famous actor. However, the actual fact was that he was the nation's top assassin. Towards the end of the Civil War, after General Lee have surrendered to the Union Army, Booth was fired up with anger, and assassinated Abraham Lincoln. It is not clearly stated of who was behind Booth, or if he did really assassinate Abraham Lincoln. However, he is the top suspect to be accused of the assassination of Lincoln. After the Civil War, Booth and other conspirators were trialed, and were hanged to death. The most impact that Booth brought to the Civil War was that the war could have ended much quicker if the assassination of Lincoln did not happen. However, after the assassination of Lincoln, the more of "cooled" situation of the Civil War was fired up again, which extended the length of the war, doing more damage to each sides, taking the lives of many, and preventing the recovery of post-war to be much harder. ||< Civilian (against Lincoln) || Civil War, Barton saw the necessity of the wounded soldiers to have a professional medicational treatment. Despite the opposition from her parents, she attended a nursing college just for that purpose, and head on to the battle field of the Civil War. Under the dangers of bombs and bullets, she helped not only the Union soldiers, but also the Confederate soldiers. The soldiers did not believe her, and thought that she was a spy, yet later on, she was called the "Angel of the Battle Field." Later, more nurses joined her, forming the first American Red Cross, and the International Red Cross. ||< Civilian (neither) ||
 * ~ Rank ||~ Person ||~ Significance ||~ Union or Confederate ||
 * < 1 ||< Abraham Lincoln ||< He was the President of the Union. He is most responsible for launching the war,
 * < 2 ||< Jefferson Davis ||< President of the Confederacy; Due to his lack of political skills, made the new
 * < 3 ||< TJ "Stonewall" Jackson ||< The general joined the Confederate army in early 1861, and earned his famous
 * < 4 ||< Robert E. Lee ||< Lee was a very famous General in the nation, and also very experienced and
 * < 5 ||< John Caldwell Calhoun ||< Calhoun was a dedicated War Hawk, dedicated to the war with England to establish
 * < 6 ||< George McClellan ||< Union Army leader; trained the army strong and organized, however, he was slow in
 * < 7 ||< Ulysses S. Grant ||< General in Chief of the Union Army and the 18th President of the United States;
 * 8 || Ambrose Burnside || After the Civil War began, Burnside inexpertly commanded a brigade at the First Battle of
 * < 9 ||< Stephen Douglas ||< Douglas suggested the Popular Sovereignity, which caused Nebraska and Kansas
 * < 10 ||< Pierre G. Beauregard ||< A general for the Conferderate States of America; attacked Fort Sumter, which
 * < 11 ||< General W. T. Sherman ||< Sherman was a general who, while in South Carolina, destroyed all the South's
 * < 12 ||< James E. B. Stewart ||< Confederate cavalry commander; first lieutenant and Army 1st Cavalry and
 * < 13 ||< James Buchanan ||< Buchanan failed to prevent the secession of the State of Califonia from happening.
 * < 14 ||< Irvin McDowell ||< McDowell was the General who led the poorly disciplined Union Army against Beauregard
 * < 15 ||< Albert Sydney Johnston ||< This General led his army to halt Union advance, led by General Grant, towards Mississippi.
 * < 16 ||< General Winfield Scott ||< Scott was a commander of all U/S/ troops in 1861, and during the Civil War he proposed
 * < 17 ||< General George Pickett ||< Pickett was one of the three Southern commanders on the field on the third day of the
 * < 18 ||< Charles Francis Adams ||< The son of President John Quincy Adam. Running as a republican in 1858, he was
 * < 19 ||< John Wilkes Booth ||< John Wilkes Booth was a civilian, with an occupation of one of the nation's most
 * < 20 ||< Clara Barton ||< Clara Barton was a trained nurse who attended a nursing school. During the time of

Useful Sites PBS Biographies Civil War Figures

Task 2
= IMPORTANT BATTLES =

- 1862 || Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant Union army defeated Brig. Gen. John B. Floyd confederate army. This win ensured Kentucky would stay with the Union and opened up Tennessee for a Northern advance. || Tennessee || Union won || Significance: One of the bloodiest battles during Civil War || Tennessee || Union won || Jan. 1863 || This battle was fought between the Union Army of Cumberland under Major. General Rosecrans and the Confederate Army of Tenessee under General Braxton Bragg, at Mufreesboro, Tenessee. It ended with Union victory, which symbolized the Union control of the state of Tenessee. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mufreesboro, Tenessee || Union won || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">1863 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lincoln sent Grant, Sherman, and Hooker to Chattanooga. Six weeks later, Grant broke out of the city, drove the Confederates Army into Gerogia, and began preparing for the spring campaigns. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Tennessee || Union won || Citations: NPS North Georgia American History About
 * <span style="background-color: #3142a0; color: #f0efef; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Battle ||  || <span style="background-color: #3142a0; color: #f0efef; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Date || <span style="background-color: #3142a0; color: #f0efef; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Information || <span style="background-color: #3142a0; color: #f0efef; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Location || <span style="background-color: #3142a0; color: #f0efef; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Outcome ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Battle of Fort Sumter ** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">April 1861 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Confederate Army led by Brig. Gen. Beauregard opened fire to the Union Army who was led by Major Robert Anderson. At 2:30 pm, April 13, Major Anderson surrendered Fort Sumter. The battle at Fort Sumter was the beginning of the American Civil War. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">South Carolina || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Confederates won ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">First Battle of Bull Run ** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">July 1861 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">First Major land battle; Union army led by General McDowell marched to Virginia to capture the town of Manassas. The opposing side was Confederate troops led by General P.G.T. Beauregard. Because McDowell’s army almost took 4 days to march a short distance to Manassas due to his army’s laziness, it gave the Confederate troops time to strengthen their power. The Union soldiers seemed to be winning at first; however, their forces began to deteriorate. Some of the Union troops started running away. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Manassas, Virginia || Confederates won ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Battle of Fort Donelson ** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Feb.
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Battle of Shiloh ** ||  || <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 10px/normal Times; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">April 1862  || Battle between Union army led by General Ulysses S. Grant and Confederate army led by General Albert Sidney Johnston; General Grant moving toward Corinth, Mississippi, stopped at Pittsburg Landing to wait for more Union forces from General Don Carlos Buell. General Johnston, afraid that the Union forces would get bigger, he decided to attack Grant’s army. Johnston’s armies surprised the Grant’s troops and pushed them back to Tennessee River. At last, Buell’s force joined with Grant’s force and defeated the Confederate troops.
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Seven Days Battle ** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">June 1862 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lincoln and Edwin Stanton agreed on closing the recruitment office in the North. Then Lee replace Joe Johnston as commander of the Army of Northern Virginia, and agreesively pursued the Army of the Potomac as it retreated down along Virginia's lower Peninsula. Lincoln and Stanton reopened the recruitment office. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Richmond, Virginia ||   ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Second Battle of Bull Run ** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">August 1862 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Union started with 62,000 men and the South started with 50,000. The Southern commander was General Lee and T.J Jackson and the Union commander was General Pope. The South trapped the Union army and defeated them || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Virginia || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Confederates won ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Battle of Antietam ** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sep. 1862 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lee wanted to invade the North, gain a victory on their soil, thus possibly gaining support from the Europeans, so he slipped past Washington and went into western Maryland. The Confederates location was completely unknown until one Union soldier found all of Lee's orders wrapped around some cigars. Lee found out that his plans were in the hands of the Union, and he prepared to fight while Grant held back. The armies clashed at Sharpsburg. Union troops attacked throughout the day, destroying a third of the Confederate army, causing them to retreat back into Virginia. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sharpsburg, Maryland || Union won ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Battle of Fredericksburg ** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Dec. 1862 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Burnside marched about 122,000 men towards Richmond while Lee went to Fredericksburg with 79,000 and lined them up along the Rappahannock River. Burnside marched his army right in front of the Confederate Army across the bridge, and got massacred, suffering 13,000 casualties. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Fredericksburg, Virginia || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Confederates won, losing only 5,000 men ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Battle of Stones River ** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Dec. 1862 ~
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Battle of Chancellorsville** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">April 1863 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">General Joseph Hooker left 115,000 men outside of Fredericksburg and marched the rest around the city, attempting to come from behind. General J.E.B. of the Confederate army discovered the army near Chancellorsville, so General Lee sent 40,000 men to go attack. After a brief confrontation, the Confederate army retreated back into the woods and prepared. Lee sent for Jackson to attack the Union army with 26,000 men. Jackson was shot by his own army in the night, so General Stewart had to continue the fight. The Confederate army won the battle, however, soon after Jackson died from an infectious wound from the gun shot. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Chancellorsville, Virginia || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Confederates won ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Siege of Vicksburg ** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">May 1863 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Union's Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s armies came to Vicksburg, investing the city and entrapping a Confederate army under Lt. Gen. John Pemberton.On July 4, Vicksburg surrendered after prolonged siege operations. This battle was thought to be one of the most brilliant military fight of they war. This war helped Grant become General-in-Chief of the Union armies. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Massachusetts || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Union won ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Battle of Gettysburg ** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">July 1863 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">On July 1st, as the Union army moved north, a small number of Confederate troops came into Gettysburg, clashing with the Union. As the other armies heard the gunfire, they came over to join the fight. The Confederate army outnumbered the Union forces at first, but the Union army still won after Pickett's Charge on the third day of this battle in which they shot down numerous Confederate men as they marched towards them in a line. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Gettysburg, Pennsylvania || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Union won ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Battle of Chattanooga ** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sep.
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Battle of Chickamauga ** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sep. 1863 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This battle was fought between the Union Army of Cumberland under Major. General Rosecrans and the Confederate Army of Tenessee under General Braxton Bragg. This battle marked the end of Union offense, ending with a severe defeat of the Union army. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Georgia || Confederates won ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Battle of the Wilderness ** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">May 1864 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This two-day battle was a clash between Grant and Lees troops in a dense forest. During the fight, the woods caught on fire, and many units got lost and confused, sometimes shooting their own troops. Grant suffered much loss in this battle, but instead of retreating, he moved around the Confederates and continued on south. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Chancellorsville, Virginia || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Union suffered great loss, but they were not halted by the Confederates. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Battle of Spotsylvania ** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">May 1864 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Battle between Union army led by General Grant and Major General George G. Meade, and Confederate army led by General Robert Lee; The major fighting was on May 12; it was when the Union attacked the General Lee’s army and almost defeated half of the troops. Confederate tried to defeat the Union at Harris Farm; however, they ended up being defeated and brought many casualties. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Spotsylvania County, Virginia || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Inconclusive ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Battle of Cold Harbor ** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">May ~ June 1864 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Union army led by General Grant attacked the Confederate troops led by General Robert E. Lee. General Grand attacked the Confederates at dawn, without knowing that Confederates had sturdy fortification. Almost 7000 of the Union soldiers died. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Cold Harbor, Virginia || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Confederates Won ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Siege of Petersburg ** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">June 1864 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Grant attacked Petersburg, a railroad center south of Richmond. He wanted to cut off shipments from Richmond, but he failed miserably, losing 65,000 men. Then on the 18th, he sieged Petersburg, causing damage to Lee's army. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Petersburg, Virginia || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Union army suffered more casualties, but the Confederate army had troubles replacing men ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sherman's March to the Sea ** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Nov. ~ Dec. 1864 || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sherman headed to the sea to capture Savannah with his Union troops. Before they left to Savannah, they burned the whole city down in Atlanta. They killed all the livestock as well. When the Union troops arrived at Savannah, the Confederate troops ran away. Sherman could seize the city without a fight. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Savannah, Georgia || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Union won ||
 * **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Battle of Bentonville ** ||  || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">March 1865 || Union arrmy under command of Maj. Gen. O.O. Howard marched toward Goldsborough. On March 19, They encountered the Confederates army of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston who had concentrated to meet his advance at Bentonville. || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bentonville, North Carolina || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Union won ||

====<span style="font-size: 1.066em; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; line-height: 15px;">Task 3  ====



= <- CLICK THIS LINK TO BECOME CAUGHT IN AN ENTICING ADVENTURE BACK IN THE 'TIME' OF THE CIVIL WAR=

And then there was peace
Lee Surrendering